On July, 1 2004 the Memorial Complex «the Mound of Glory» was re-opened after restoration. For Belarus, which in 2004 celebrated the 60-th anniversary of the liberation from Nazi occupation, restoration of the memorial is a landmark event. The opening ceremony was attended by the President of Belarus Alexandr Lukashenko.
In his speech, the Head of State stressed the historic significance of the strategic offensive operation «Bagration». The created mound (full name - «the Mound of Glory of the Soviet Army – the Liberator of Belarus») perpetuated the feat of the liberators of Belarus. The fate of the memorial displays the history of the Belarusian people on the turn of centuries. Immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union the Soviet legacy was rejected. In this environment, many monuments, including the Mound of Glory, came to desolation. Today, we have other times, and the memorial was restored by all the world. Now, every Belarusian could lead his son, grandson to the monument and tell about the heroism of the Soviet people.
The President of Belarus Alexandr Lukashenko thanked all those who restored the Mound of Glory. The state, trade unions, youth, foreign countries participated in this noble business, stressed the Belarusian leader. Alexandr Lukashenko expressed his sincere gratitude to the architects, painters, builders, personnel of enterprises, associations and individuals who contributed to the restoration of the complex.
Construction of the mound began on November, 20 1967. Thousands of residents of Minsk and Minsk Oblast, military personnel together with professional builders took part in the creation of the monument.
The inauguration of the Mound of Glory was held in the 25 th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus – on July, 5 1969. The monument is located in Smolevichi Region, the 25-kilometer point of the Minsk-Moscow highway. The height - 35 meters. At the top, in the center of a viewing platform there are 4 obelisks in the form of bayonets, representing 4 fronts which liberated Belarus in summer 1944, a stone ring with images the guerrillas and various types of troops. 2 stairs, at 241 steps each, lead to the viewing platform. On the slope there is a memorial plate with an inscription: «The land from the hero-cities and other places of fierce fighting, from towns and villages that have ever distinguished themselves by arms and labour feats for the sake of freedom and independence of the Soviet Motherland, lay – handful to handful -in the Mound of Glory».
Vileyka, Volozhin, Molodechno and Myadel regions are located on the North-West of Minsk Oblast. They form the Naroch Tourism Zone created by a decision of Minsk Oblast Executive Committee in 2005. Its centre – the Naroch Lake and its picturesque surroundings, with its natural, historical, archaeological and architectural landmarks.
Hatyn, a former village in Logoisk Region of Minsk Oblast in Belarus, has become a symbol of the tragedy of the Belorussian people, a mournful page in the history of the Great Patriotic War.
Ordinary Belarusian peasants who cultivated the land, grew the harvest, rised their children, celebrated weddings and festivals.
The massacre occurred on March 22, 1943. Brutal fascists rushed into the village and encircled it. The inhabitants of Khatyn were innocent, however their death sentence had already been pronounced. All of them - young and old, women and kids — were driven from their houses out into the shed. The fascists roused the sick from their beds with rifle butts. When all people were finally in the shed, the door was locked and the Nazis covered the shed with straw, spilt benzine over and set fire to it. But the fascists with their machine guns dispassionately killed those who tried to escape from the flames of fire. 149 people, including 75 children under age were burned alive. The youngest baby was only 7 weeks old. The village was then looted and burned to the ground. 5 children and 1 adult - Iosif Kamisky (prototype of «the Unconquered Man» sculpture) recovered by miracle.
The memorial complex «Hatyn» was biult at the former place of the village (54 km from Minsk) in memory of victims of fascism on the territory of Belarus. Architects: Y. Gradov, V. Zankovich, L. Levin, sculptor S. Selikhanov. The complex repeats the layout of the former village, includes elements of the Village Cemetery, the Memory Square, the Wall of Sorrow, the Tree of Life.
The Memorial was opened on July, 5 1969, has since become a popular place of worship. Visitors meet «the Unconquered Man» bronze sculpture of a man who rose alive from the fire, brought out the body of a dead boy and bears it, bears through the years, as if saying by his compressed lips the eternal curse of fascism, the curse of every evil on earth.
Nearby, on the place of the barn, where the Nazis burned Khatyn people, there is a black plate, which resembles the roof, which was the last refuge of the dead. At a mass grave there is the Crown of Memory from white marble with the words of a mandate for the dead to the alive: «Kind people, remember: we loved the life and our motherland, and you, dear. We were burnt alive. Our request to all: let the grief and sorrow turn into your courage and strength and you will be able to approve rest and peace on the Earth forever. From now on nowhere and never the life will not die in a whirlwind of fire!». On the other hand the Crown there is a response of the living to the dead: «You are our relatives. Our heads are bowed in great sorrow, we are standing before you. You did not obey to the Nazi murderers in the dark days of the hard times. You accepted death, but the flame of love for our Soviet Motherland shall never be quenched. The memory of you in people is immortal, eternal as our Earth and ever bright sun above it».
The former village street is lined with gray (the color of ashes) reinforced concrete slabs. In place of every burnt house – a crown of gray concrete framework, inside of it there is an obelisk in the form of a chimney with a memorial plate on which the names of burned people of the hause are written, at the top threr is a bell, each crown has a reinforced gate. 26 Khatyn bells resounded the bitter memory of Belarusian land through the world. The Memory Complex is terminated by the Tree of Life memorial with the names of 433 villages of the republic, destroyed along with the residents and restored after the war.
The «Hatyn» Memorial Complex is a symbol of national memory. There are few places in the world with such a thoughtful, tense silence, as in Khatyn - only the rustle of steps on the concrete paths, only the dull thud of the bells. The sorrowful silence ... It hides the roar of raging fire, a baby crying, screams of mothers and curses of men dying in the flames. The memorial tells about the courage and rebelliousness of the Belarusian people with a harsh and concise language.
More than 35 million people have visited the state memorial complex «Hatyn» in these 35 years. These people came from more than 100 different countries. Among them there were such distinguished guests as UNO Secretaries General U Tan and H. Perez de Cuehlar, the president of the United States of America Richard Nixon, the president of Finland U. K. Kekkonen and M. Koivisto, the Indian prime-minister Radzhiv Ghandi, the Secretary General of the Cuban Communist Party Fidel Castro, the chairman of the Executive Committee of Palestinian Liberation Organization Yasser Arafat, the Romanian president I. Iliesku, the president of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbaev, the Chinese Communist Party chairman Hu Tzintao and many other famous politicians.
The «Hatyn» Memorial Complex was completely restored to the 60th of the liberation of Belarus from German fascist invaders. About Br1,2 billion were assigned for this aim, the sum includes Br. 400 million from Minsk Oblast Executive Committee.
Nesvizh is located 110 kilometers South-West from Minsk at the source of the river Usha (a tributary of the Neman River). In 1533 Nesvizh due to marriage and inheritance passed to the Radziwill family, which in the XVI century assumed state importance and in 1547 became the prince family. Many pages of lives of such prominent figures of Belarusian culture, as Symon Budny, Tomas Makovetskii, Vladislav Sirokomlya, Yakub Kolas, etc. were connected with Nesvizh.
Since 1991, Nesvizh - a famous historical town, centre of culture and tourism of the independent Republic of Belarus. In 1993 created The Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve «Nesvizh» was created, in 1995 a historical-land museum was opened.
The basic architectural ensemble of Nesvizh is a castle-type Radziwill Palace, built in recent years of the XVI century by Italian architect J. Bernardini, and subsequently it wasrepeatedly changed and re-built. The castle consists of 10 interconnected buildings, which together form a architectural whole around the front door 6-sided courtyard. The entrance gates have been preserved - Brama, there is a tower, high walls surrounding the castle, and deep ditches with water outside them, and on the perimeter. Surroundings of the castle are occupied by an extensive park, which was specially planned and divided into five parts.
The central - history - part of Nesvizh is separated from the castle by a large pond, which is crossed by a dam-bridge. Its still safed rectangular layout and outstanding historic buildings that have survived in our days, belong to the prosperity of the town, i.e. basically to the end of XVI - early XVII centuries. The Old Town Hall with clock tower and malls surrounding it on three sides are located at the Central Square (formerly Market Square). Other notable buildings of the old part of Nesvizh - is first and foremost, the Farny (Parish) Roman Catholic Church of Holiest Corpus Christi, which has beautiful interiors in the baroque style, a Benedictine monastery, the Slutskaya Brama (town gates), high urban defense tower, the «House on the market» (a house of a rich craftsman).
A chain of the 4 ponds, limiting the complex ftom the East gives the particular beauty of it. The Castle and the Roman Catholic Church, as well as some other buildings of Nesvizh had a marked influence on the further development of architecture in this part of Europe and in Russia. The contemporary Nesvizh is one of the most beautiful parts of Belarus. It is called the «Northern Paris», the «Uncrowned Capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania»: this is the Slutskaya Brama (1690's), the Town Hall Square with the Town Hall, Farny Catholic Church, the building of the printing house and a monument to the great Belarusian educator Symon Budny, the famous park.
Nesvizh - a town treasure, whose charm has not been lost with age. The palace and the park ensemble and the historical centre in Nesvizh with its objects and landscapes - almost the only one in Belarus, which remains its shape, has a satisfactory state since the ancient times.
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